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| Chloroplast |
Each chloroplast is covered by a double membrane called envelope membrane. It has a space filled with colorless proteinaceous matrix called stroma. Both membrane are smooth. Inner membrane is less permeable than outer but it is richer in proteins including some carrier proteins. Stroma has a small circular double-helical DNA, ribosomes and several enzymes. Many flat membraneous called thylakoids occur in stroma. About 40-100 grana usually occur in chloroplast. Several membraneous tubules called stroma lamelleas interconnect thylakoids of different grana.
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